Why ADHD in girls is often undetected and untreated

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in girls is seldom detected because defiant and impulsive behaviour is less marked than in boys with the condition. But if ADHD is not diagnosed and treated early, girls are at risk of lifelong self-esteem issues, says a Mediclinic expert. 

ADHD explained

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). There are three types, categorised by the individual’s behaviour, and most girls with ADHD fall into the third group:

1. Hyperactivity type: Constantly moves around, even when it’s inappropriate to do so, and fidgets, and/or talks excessively
2. Impulsivity type: Lacks self-control and/or acts without thinking
3. Inattention type: Unable to stay focused and organised.

Overlooked symptoms, serious consequences

The Inattention type is predominant in girls with ADHD and their symptoms are often overlooked because they’re not disruptive or defiant in nature. “About a third of people with ADHD have the Inattentive subtype, with girls more likely to present with this subtype. In general, the Inattention type is less likely to be diagnosed, so girls often struggle quietly without parents or teachers noticing,” explains Dr Ravi Govender, a psychiatrist at Mediclinic Cape Town.

Symptoms will also go unnoticed because girls mask their symptoms better than boys by trying harder at school and they tend to be quieter in a classroom setting. Also, symptoms such as disorganisation are often mistaken for laziness, silliness, or lack of intelligence. This attracts criticism from peers and teachers, which can spark a lifetime of self-criticism and self-esteem issues in affected girls.

“A lot of undiagnosed girls have self-esteem issues and may develop other mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and even eating disorders,” says Dr Govender. In addition, if ADHD goes undetected, it can cause affected girls to perform poorly at school and not reach their potential.

Inattentive ADHD symptoms

If your child shows symptoms of Inattentive ADHD, it’s vital to get professional help as soon as possible:

• Displays poor listening skills
• Loses and/or misplaces items needed to complete activities or tasks
• Side-tracked by external or unimportant stimuli
• Forgets daily activities
• Diminished attention span
• Is unable to complete schoolwork and other assignments or to follow instructions
• Avoids or is disinclined to begin homework or activities requiring concentration
• Fails to focus on details and/or makes thoughtless mistakes in schoolwork or assignments.

Professional diagnosis and treatment

A diagnosis by a trained professional is vital to ensure your child gets the treatment they need, which could be psychotherapy, medication or a combination of both. The correct treatment will help to optimise your child’s cognitive, social, and emotional functioning and avoid the self-esteem issues that arise if the ADHD goes unnoticed and untreated. A GP, occupational therapist, psychologist, paediatrician, or psychiatrist is equipped to assess and diagnose the problem.

“Look out for the symptoms and always err on the side of caution,” advises Dr Govender. “If you suspect a problem, consult a healthcare professional to investigate further.”

To find a mental health professional near you, go to www.mediclinic.co.za