Healthy Life

Winter in South Africa brings cooler temperatures, dry air, and an increased risk of infections, making it a difficult time for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) health. 

Many people suffer from sinus infections, sore throats, and ear infections around this period. Dr Ashton Boggenpoel, ENT at Mediclinic Milnerton explains how understanding these disorders, how they spread, and how to prevent them can help you and your family remain healthy.

Common ENT Problems in Winter and How They Spread

1. Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses that is usually caused by viral infections like the common cold. Bacterial infections can also occur when mucus accumulates in the sinuses. Cold air, dry indoor heating, and the development of seasonal illnesses like colds and flu can all irritate the nasal cavities, resulting in symptoms like:

  • Facial pain or pressure (especially around the eyes and forehead)
  • Nasal congestion or blockage
  • Thick nasal discharge (yellow or green)
  • Postnasal drip (mucus dripping down the throat)
  • Headache and fatigue

2. Tonsillitis & Sore Throat

Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. Viral and bacterial Infections are increased during winter as people spend more time indoors. They become more susceptible to germs from coughing, sneezing, and touching common surfaces.  Winter air can dry your throat, increasing the risk of illness.  

Symptoms which might be experienced include:

  • Sore throat and difficulty swallowing
  • Swollen, red tonsils (sometimes with white patches)
  • Fever and chills
  • Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
  • Bad breath

3. Ear Infections

Cold temperatures and an increased prevalence of respiratory illnesses throughout the winter months can cause ear problems such as infections, fluid build-up, and pressure pain.

Some symptoms are:

  • Ear pain or a full feeling
  • Hearing problems
  • Fluid discharge in more serious cases
  • Fever
  • Irritability in children (pulling at the ears)

Although children are more likely to get ear infections, adults can also get them, especially if they have sinus issues or seasonal allergies.

4. Winter allergies

Winter is not a time when allergies take a holiday. Dust mites, pet dander, and mould, which flourish in hot indoor environments, are major reasons.

Symptoms such as:

  • Sneezing,
  • Itchy eyes, and
  • Nasal congestion

Symptoms might mimic a cold but last until the allergen is eliminated. If left untreated, these allergies may exacerbate other ENT issues.

5. Loss of Voice
Hoarseness or even transient loss of voice can result from vocal cords being dried out by the dry, hot air of winter. Teachers, musicians, and public speakers are among those who could feel the effects the most acutely.

Symptoms include:

  • Dry or scratchy throat
  • Hoarseness or voice loss
  • Coughing or throat irritation

While it may help to rest the voice and drink plenty of water, if the problem persists, medical attention is required.

When to see an ENT

While many winter ENT concerns may be treated with over-the-counter medications and at home, there are some cases when professional assistance is required. Consider going to an ENT  if you have:

  • Sinus pain or pressure that persists for over 10 days.
  • Sore throats accompanied by fever, difficulty swallowing, or recurring infections.
  • Ear pain, hearing difficulties, or fluid discharge.
  • Persistent allergy symptoms that don’t respond to antihistamines.
  • Hoarseness or voice changes lasting more than two weeks.

How to avoid winter ENT Problems

During the winter, staying healthy means avoiding problems before they happen. Here are some useful things you can do to lower your risk of ENT problems:

  • Stay hydrated to keep your nasal passages and throat moist.
  • Use a humidifier to alleviate the dryness caused by indoor heat.
  • Use a scarf or mask to protect your nose and mouth from accidental exposure to cold air.
  • Maintain proper hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of viruses.
  • Ensure your living area is clean and free of allergies like dust and mould.
  • Maintain a balanced diet to boost your immune system.
  • If your voice seems strained, take pauses and remain hydrated by drinking lots of water.

Dr Ashton Boggenpoel concludes, “These few tweaks can go a long way towards safeguarding your ears, nose, and throat during winter.”

Doctors 1

Dr_Ashton_Boggenpoel_Web
Medically reviewed by
Dr Ashton Richard Boggenpoel